What is included in accumulated realized profits?

Accumulated realized profits refer to the profits that a company has actually earned from its business transactions after accounting for costs and losses. This typically excludes any figures that are not concretely tied to past transactions, such as speculative investments or unrealized gains and losses.

The correct option emphasizes that accumulated realized profits are calculated by taking realized profits (earnings that have been completed and are recognized in the financial reports) and subtracting any realized losses (actual losses that have been recorded in the accounts). This reflects the true profitability of a company from its operations and is a crucial metric for financial assessment because it provides a clear picture of the company's financial health based on completed transactions.

In contrast, the other choices touch on concepts that do not align with the definition of accumulated realized profits. For instance, speculative profits and losses or projected metrics based on historical data do not represent the concrete earnings that the company has realized through its business activities.